What are facet joints?

Facet joints are specialized synovial joints located between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae in the spine. They play a critical role in enabling and facilitating movement while providing stability to the vertebral column. Each vertebra has two sets of facet joints—one pair that faces upward and another that faces downward—allowing for various ranges of motion such as flexion, extension, and rotation.

The configuration of the facet joints can differ in various regions of the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar), contributing to their specific movement capabilities. They not only enable movement but also help maintain proper alignment of the vertebrae, which is essential for spinal health. Their function is vital in allowing the spine to bend, twist, and perform other movements necessary for daily activities and overall mobility.