What does "sciatica" refer to?

Sciatica specifically refers to pain that arises from irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, which is the largest nerve in the body. This nerve runs from the lower back, through the hips, and down each leg. When the sciatic nerve is affected, it can lead to pain that radiates from the lower back into the buttocks and down the legs, often described as a sharp, shooting pain, numbness, or weakness.

The condition typically results from various underlying issues such as a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or other spinal problems, which can impinge on the nerve. Therefore, the focus on the sciatic nerve makes the definition of sciatica distinct from pain in the lower back or pain related to surgical procedures. This specificity helps in diagnosing and treating the condition effectively.